Za normalan hod ključna je uloga većeg broja struktura. Spomenimo tri koje su, po učestalosti tegoba, najčešće zastupljene u svakodnevnoj ortopedskoj praksi i zbog kojih pacijenti dolaze kad su im bolna stopala — palac, plantarna fascija i Ahilova tetiva. Hallux valgus deformacija je palca stopala, u uznapredovalim slučajevima praćena promjenama i drugog prsta, a do koje dolazi zbog promijenjenih biomehaničkih odnosa u stopalu.

Razlozi su anatomske prirode spuštanje svodova. No njegovu nastanku pridonose i vanjski utjecaji nošenje uske i neudobne obuće, visoke potpetice i slično. Znatno se češće ovaj deformitet javlja kod žena. Spuštanje svoda stopala dovodi do promjene mišićne ravnoteže u stopalu. Javljaju se bolovi stopala, a obuća postaje neudobna i pretijesna. Nošenje ortopedskih uložaka pomaže do određene granice, ali ne ispravlja deformitet te je s vremenom indicirano operativno liječenje.

Postoji mnogo metoda kirurške korekcije, ali svima je zajedničko ispravljanje deformiteta palca stopala. Danas se koristimo minimalno invazivnim metodama u kirurškom liječenju, ali i naprednim operativnim metodama bez resekcije kosti. Takav zahvat omogućuje odlične rezultate s ubrzanim oporavkom. Plantarni fascitis označava bolno upalno stanje vezivne opne s tabanske strane stopala koja nam omogućuje fiziološki hod te amortizira sile koje se stvaraju pri iskoraku.

Plantarni fascitis ubraja se u sindrome prenaprezanja te se najčešće javlja kod trkača na duge staze. Nastaje zbog dugotrajnih ponavljajućih opterećenja ili stresa na plantarnu fasciju, odnosno mikrotrauma koje se nadovezuju jedna na drugu, uzrokujući bol i oštećenje fascije. Zbog učestalih mikrotrauma i nedovoljnog vremena za oporavak i obnovu često dolazi do razvoja koštane izrasline na peti petnog trna. Ako se fascitis ne tretira, može doći do ozbiljnijih oštećenja ili puknuća plantarne fascije u blizini njezina hvatišta za petnu kost.

Bol je izraženija ujutro te se obično pojačava pri oslanjanju na nogu ili pri kretanju. Plantarni fascitis tretira se gotovo uvijek neoperativno. U tretmanu je iznimno važan individualni pristup pacijentu lijekovi, ortopedska pomagala i vježbe istezanja. Tretman počinje metodama za otklanjanje bola i upale led, protuupalni lijekovi, masaža. Predlaže se korištenje ortopedskih pomagala i uložaka. Primjenjuju se vježbe za istezanje mišića potkoljenice lista, Ahilove tetive i plantarne fascije.

Vrijeme povlačenja simptoma je individualno. Da bismo objasnili pojam petnog trna, najprije je potrebno objasniti osnovne pojmove iz anatomije našeg stopala. U kontekstu bolova Ahilova tetiva najjača je tetiva ljudskog tijela te predstavlja završetak mišića stražnje skupine potkoljenice. Petna kost hvatište je Ahilove tetive okruženo tzv. Your musculoskeletal system responds well to exercise by making bones stronger.

The best activities for bone health are weight-bearing and strength training exercises. Weight-bearing exercises include jogging, stair climbing, walking, dancing, yard work, and playing tennis. If you can handle strength-bearing workouts—like lifting weights and doing push-ups, these can also help with making bones more robust and improving balance.

A daily balanced diet includes fruits and vegetables, lean meats and fish, whole grains, nuts and seeds, and nonfat and low-fat dairy productions, and other calcium-rich foods. Make sure you are getting plenty of vitamin D and calcium for healthy bones. Both smoking and alcohol are bad for bones. Alcohol can cause bone loss and fractures because people who drink heavily have poor nutrition and increased risk of falls.

You should work with your doctor to keep blood sugar levels managed and controlled. If you are still worried about your bone health, ask your healthcare provider about having a bone density test done. This test is a painless way to detect low bone density and osteoporosis. If you know you have other risk factors like family history, talk to your doctor early on, so that you can work together to prevent and spot bone problems before they get worse.

Call your healthcare provider if you develop swelling, redness, numbness, or pain in bones, muscles, or joints. These symptoms need to be addressed as quickly as possible. While many bone diseases have no cures, treatments can minimize pain, swelling, stiffness, and other discomforts, and reduce the risk for deformity and disability. Most people can have a good quality of life and a positive outlook despite living with diabetes and bone problems.

We know healthy eating is key to help manage diabetes, but that doesn't make it easy. Our free nutrition guide is here to help. Sign up and receive your free copy! The risk of hip and non-vertebral fractures in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis update. Medline Plus. Metabolism disorders. Updated November 5, Mayo Clinic. Bone and joint problems associated with diabetes. Last updated March 19 What people with diabetes need to know about osteoporosis.

Updated November Diabetes mellitus and bone health: epidemiology, etiology and implications for fracture risk stratification.

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Reducing Risk. How Insulin Works in the Body. Lazy Bones Equals Weak Bones. Effects of Smoking Cigarettes on Musculoskeletal Health. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Sign Up. What are your concerns? Article Sources. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles.

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